The job of the prison system is not just to punish prisoners by
keeping
them locked away from the community: it is to prepare them to return
to
society.
Cecelia Lashlie, Manager of the Christchurch Women's Prison, speaks
out.
'Community Responsibilities in Relation to Prisons' was the title
given to
a recent talk by Cecelia Lashlie, Manager of the Christchurch Women's
Prison. I was so impressed by what she had to say that I want to
share
some of her ideas with our readers.
She began by outlining her fourteen year career in the Prison Service
including work as an officer in a men's prison, as Equal Employment
Opportunities Coordinator and a Prison Inspector before becoming
Manager
of the Women's Prison located in Christchurch.
She is speaking to groups in an attempt to raise awareness of the
issues
needing to be debated between the community and prison management.
Increasing numbers of prisoners
At present there are approximately 5,500 men and 250 women in New
Zealand
prisons and with steadily increasing numbers in prison we are heading
to
crisis point. New prisons are being planned, but there is a danger
that
when they are built, the numbers will have increased so much that they
will
be filled and the old unsuitable buildings will be retained as well.
Tougher punishments needed?
The right wing view is that increasing punishment is the answer to the
problem of crime. Longer sentences and harder work is believed to be
the
answer. Will that fit them for a return to normal life when they are
ultimately released? Ces gave us insight into the real needs of the
prisoners.
Rehabilitation essential
Time in prison, Ces firmly believes, should not just be a time of
punishment, but a time of preparation for return to the community and
a new
start, a time for the healing of wounds so people can move forward and
make
changes to their lives.
One of the problems with the prisoners is that they have a sense of
worthlessness. They lose all freedom of movement and the chance to
make
decisions for themselves. They have to submit to being
strip-searched
regularly in case drugs or weapons are being hidden on their person.
They
have to submit to being locked up until the authorities choose to open
the
doors.
The job of the prison staff is to teach them that they have worth and
can
succeed. The truly evil people among the prisoners are a small
minority.
Problems often begin at home
The early lives of many of many women prisoners have severely
disadvantaged
them. One woman was taught from the age of eight to inject herself
with
drugs so that when her father injected himself she could do the same
and
not be aware enough to need care while he was beyond giving it.
Others
have been made to enter prostitution from the age of thirteen or
fourteen.
>From birth they have had little choice.
Where many young people learn good moral values and a sense of
responsibility from their parents and grandparents many of the
prisoners
have learnt manipulation and drug usage and abuse of the police as
pigs.
Whole families have watched drug dealing take place.
Many women thwarted all their lives
Many of the female prisoners have never been given what they wanted,
never
been treated as individuals. The pattern of their lives has been to be
thwarted in any desires and to be given the treatment they fear or
hate.
In many cases it is a miracle they are still alive.
They have learnt manipulation for self-preservation. Once in prison
they
have to be taught that they can trust the staff - that fair treatment
is
the norm among many people, not the exception, and that abuse doesn't
have
to be a component of their lives.
Many of the women have become pregnant at sixteen and been glad about
it as
they believed that at last with a baby they would have someone of
their own
to love and someone to love them unconditionally. The reality of the
problems of parenting, of responsibility for which they aren't ready,
and
of coping financially are only realised later, and often the children
suffer the results of the mother's frustration.
Prison their first safe place
Many of the women have been used to constant violence and their
bedrooms
being invaded. They have lived looking over their shoulders in the
hope of
seeing trouble early and so escaping violence. For them prison is the
only
safe place they have known. They feel safe but worthless. After a
time
of adjustment many women at last feel able to face issues in their own
lives and make some changes.
Questioning and making choices
It is in the nature of women to question things. In prison they have
the
right to ask questions, sometimes for the first time, and it is a
right
they use to the full. They question everything far more than male
prisoners do. The reasons that they come to prison are different and
the
impact of imprisonment is different, and this is an issue currently
being
grappled with by the Department.
Ces is forced to be hard and stick to her decisions, but she is always
fair. Her message is, "These are the rules, you have a choice about
obeying them, and you know the consequences if you don't." It is
important
that the women begin to realise that they have some control, even if
over
only small things.
Media highlight the problems of the system.
The media place great emphasis on every prison escaper. They say
nothing
about the others - nearly six thousand - who are held securely 365
days a
year. On rare occasions an escape may be due to officers'
inefficiency,
but most prisoners are carefully supervised.
Risk management the prison's business
However the process of teaching prisoners some independence before
release
has to involve some risks. Recently some women walked away from a
parenting course in the city. They were caught and they had
consequences
to face in the loss of privileges, but that is part of the learning
experience. Prison management must be given the opportunity to manage
the
risk according to the information they have, not according the
uninformed
public's perception of what should happen.
Offending over several generations
Often offenders have come from a family of offenders over several
generations. In working towards a turn around for the women, Ces
points
out that it could mean that the offending stops at the mother's
generation
instead of continuing with the children. Those working to change the
pattern within Christchurch Women's Prison include a nurse, a social
worker, and teachers of life skills. A holistic approach is taken.
Growth through drama
Two years ago Jim Moriarty led a team who worked at the prison for
three
months developing a drama based on their own experiences. It was
called Kia
Maumahara (Let us remember), and was part of the 1997 Christchurch
Arts
Festival.
This proved to be a moving and educating experience for the audience,
but
more importantly it helped those involved to face their own issues and
to
rebuild their self esteem.
In July as part of the Christchurch Arts Festival another drama will
be
staged - Watea (Pathways to Freedom).
A socio-economic bias
Ces considers that the justice system has a socio-economic bias. Young
people in the cells are more likely to be released if an educated and
articulate family member comes to the police station and is prepared
to
take some responsibility for keeping them out of further trouble. If
the
parents called to the station are poorly dressed and unable to state
their
position clearly the chances of a release are poor. If the family has
a
record of law-breaking, the young person is almost certain to be kept
in
custody.
Don't be too quick to advocate harsh treatment for "them".
People out in the community are quick to condemn the prisoners and the
prison system and to agitate for tougher sentences. These people
would do
well to pause and remember that it may be one of their own family who
becomes involved at any time, and the parents' good grooming and clear
communication and money to pay a good lawyer may still not be enough
to
secure their freedom. Would they then advocate longer sentences and
more
hard labour? Or would they then advocate more emphasis on
rehabilitation?
